Effect of long‐term injection of dopamine on the ovarian growth of Cherax quadricarinatus juvenile females (Parastacidae,Decapoda)

The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) modulates many physiological processes in decapod crustaceans, including reproduction. This study was aimed at evaluating whether the long‐term injection of DA affects ovarian growth in the freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. Three experiments were performed with females of different mean initial size: 4.15 g (Group A); 9.65 g (Group B); and 13.98 g (Group C). Treated females were injected with DA and control females with physiological saline twice a week for 90 (Group B), 105 (Group A) and 120 (Group C) days. At the end of the experiments, the animals were killed, and the stage of ovarian development, gonadosomatic index, and mean oocyte diameter were determined. DA had a differential effect according to female size: it negatively affected ovarian growth of females in a weight range of 4–14 g and had no effect on ovarian maturation when injected to females with an initial weight of 14 g. The results are compared with previous reports in freshwater decapod crustaceans.     

Induction of ovarian growth in the red claw crayfish,Cherax quadricarinatus,by the enkephalinergic antagonist naloxone: in vivo and in vitro studies

Summary

The effects of spiperone and domperidone (dopaminergic antagonists), as well as naloxone (enkephalinergic antagonist) on ovarian growth of the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, were evaluated during the non-reproductive period. In vivo assays were carried out by administering these compounds by adding them to the crayfish food, and subsequently measuring the oocyte diameter (oocytes in secondary vitellogenesis). Only naloxone produced a significantly (p <0.05) higher oocyte diameter than that of the controls, suggesting that this antagonist was blocking the effects of endogenous enkcephalins on the secretion of one or more neurohormones involved in crustacean reproduction. To test this hypothesis, an in vitro incubation of ovarian pieces with thoracic ganglion (TG), a source of the gonad stimulating hormone (GSH), or eyestalk tissue (ET), the source of the gonad inhibiting hormone (GIH), with or without naloxone added to the incubation medium, was done. A significant increase of ovarian growth was observed when TG was present. Moreover, the addition of naloxone to this preparation was able to further increase the ovarian growth, presumably by preventing enkephalinergic inhibition of GSH secretion.     

饲料中胆固醇含量对雄性红螯光壳螯虾生长及生殖的影响

为了确定饲料中胆固醇含量对雄性红螯光壳螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)生长和生殖的影响,本研究通过对初始体长为10 cm左右的雄虾投喂胆固醇添加量分别为对照组(0%)、实验1组(0.25%)、实验2组(0.50%)、实验3组(0.75%)、实验4组(1.00%)的人工配合饲料10周后,测定各组实验虾...     

氨氮和亚硝酸盐对红螯螯虾幼虾和亚成虾的急性毒力

【目的】近年来,红螯螯虾养殖面积越来越广泛,明确不同规格的红螯螯虾对氨氮和亚硝酸盐的耐受力,有利于提高其养成率,促进其养殖业的健康发展。【方法】在水温24~25℃、p H 7.9~8.0的条件下,研究了氨氮和亚硝酸盐对红螯螯虾幼虾和亚成虾的急性毒性,分析半致死浓度(LC50)和安全浓度(SC)。【结果】总氨氮对红螯螯虾幼虾的24、48、72和96 h LC50分别为188.0、136.15、104.67和88.00 mg·L~(-1),SC为8.80 mg·L~(-1);总氨氮对亚成虾的24、48、72和96 h LC50分别为344.01、270.46、205.15和167.68 mg·L~(-1),SC为16.77 mg·L~(-1);非离子氨对幼虾的24、48、72和96 h LC50分别为10.16、7.35、5.65和4.75 mg·L~(-1),SC为0.48 mg·L~(-1);非离子氨对亚成虾的24、48、72和96 h LC50分别为18.58、14.60、11.08和9.05 mg·L~(-1),SC为0.91 mg·L~(-1);亚硝酸盐对幼虾的24、48、72和96 h LC50分别为46.76、33.88、27.97和22.81 mg·L~(-1),SC为2.28 mg·L~(-1);亚硝酸盐对亚成虾的24、48、72和96 h LC50分别为77.56、59.33、45.41和37.48 mg·L~(-1),SC为3.75 mg·L~(-1)。【结论】红螯螯虾对氨氮的耐受力高于亚硝酸盐,亚成虾对氨氮和亚硝酸盐的耐受力高于幼虾。     

复合菌剂M5对红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)高密度养殖系统水质及其肠道微生物群落影响的初步研究

应用自制复合菌剂M5于红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)的高密度养殖系统中,通过分析肠道菌群并监测养殖水质,研究了复合菌剂作用的效果及潜在的机理。结果显示,复合菌剂M5的使用可显著降低养殖水环境的pH值,降低污染物NH⁺₄、NO^-₂和COD的浓度,抑制弧菌属（Vibrio）中某些条件致病菌的生长。基于PICRUSt与KEGG数据库的功能预测及肠道菌群的群落分析,复合菌剂既可作为额外的营养补充物,缓解肠道群落之间对营养源的竞争,又可提高虾的消化能力、免疫力。新型复合菌剂M5可显著改善养殖水质并影响肠道菌群的组成与功能,从而提高养殖存活率。     

Agonistic behavior of the crayfish Euastacus armatus and Cherax destructor

The intra- and interspecific agonistic behavior of Euastacus armatus and Cherax destructor from northeastern Victoria were examined. While the agonistic patterns of E. armatus appeared similar to those shown by most crayfish, individuals of C. destructor execute an unusual, highly stylized cheliped “punch” behavior during strong interactions, along with the other behaviors seen in many species. Juvenile C. destructor exhibited gregarious behavior, tending to co-occupy burrows and being physically near each other. Tests showed that the white chelipeds which are characteristic of mature E. armatus affect the outcome of aggressive interactions. When individuals had their chelipeds whitened, they won agonistic interactions more often. This result held for both intraspecific pairings and size-matched pairings with individuals of C. destructor. Individuals of C. destructor won the majority of size-matched pairings with non-whitened individuals of E. armatus.     

红螯螯虾胚胎发育研究Ⅰ.胚胎外部结构的形态发生

详细研究了红螯螯虾（Ｃｈｅｒａｘ ｑｕａｄｒｉｃａｒｉｎａｔｕｓ）胚胎的外部形态发育过程。在水温２８℃的条件下,整个发育过程约需３９ｄ,顺次经历卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、前无节幼体期、后无节幼体期、复眼色素形成期及孵化准备期。刚孵化出的幼体在形态结构上与成体相似。